At least three people have died and 78 were arrested at rallies after Friday prayers in multiple major Egyptian cities. Protesters waved Egyptian flags and chanted "down with military rule."
Others held up pictures of President Mohamed Morsi, who was toppled by the military on July 3 after mass protests against him.
The protests come a day after Interior Minister Mohammed Ibrahim survived a bomb targeting his convoy.
Al Jazeera's special correspondent in Cairo said most protests were peaceful, though some instances of violence had been reported in certain parts of the country.
"Protests have taken place in six governorates across the country [but] there has not been any significant violence in Cairo," the Al Jazeera correspondent said.
In Tanta city in the Nile Delta, security forces intervened with tear gas after clashes broke out between anti-coup protesters and local residents, they added.
Morsi's Muslim Brotherhood called for Friday's protests "to protect the revolution," in reference to the uprising that ousted longtime ruler Hosni Mubarak in early 2011.
Protests have been getting smaller in recent weeks following bloodshed in mid-August that killed more than 1,000 people, a majority of which were killed when security forces broke up pro-Morsi sit-ins in Cairo.
Since Morsi's ouster Egypt's authorities have arrested the Brotherhood's spiritual leader and more than 2,000 members, disrupting the group's ability to mobilize supporters.
Al Jazeera confirmed that no official decision has been made about dissolving the Brotherhood as an NGO, amid Egyptian and Western media reports on the issue. If the Brotherhood is eventually dissolved, its political arm, Morsi's Freedom and Justice Party, will continue to operate in politics.
Al Jazeera and wire services
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