"Finding common ground is going to be hard work. But it will be even harder if the president isn't willing to work with us," Boehner warned at a press conference on Thursday.
The White House took a more optimistic tone ahead of the meeting, saying Obama was committed to working with Republicans on issues of shared interest like infrastructure, tax reform and international trade even as differences remain on health care and immigration.
Friday’s meeting is expected to focus on some major bills that must be passed promptly, once Congress begins its post-election "lame duck" session on Wednesday.
It will be the "old" Congress, the one that ends its legislative session in mid-December and has a Democratic Senate pitted against a Republican House, which must produce these bills.
At the top of the list is a $1 trillion spending bill to keep the government running beyond Dec. 11, when current funding runs out.
Other bills likely to see action in the month-long session include one to extend some temporary tax provisions, a bill renewing Pentagon programs and an expiring terrorism risk insurance bill that is important to developers of major construction projects in big cities.
The Republican and Democratic leaders of the Senate and House will also receive a briefing from military commanders on whether there has been progress in the difficult air campaign the United States and allies are waging against the Islamic State in Syria and the Levant (ISIL).
Congress is expected to begin debating whether to formally authorize military force against ISIL, but a vote might not come until next year.
Meanwhile, Congress is expected this year to debate Obama's plans for arming and training Syrian rebels. A current authorization for these activities expires on Dec. 11.
Democratic leaders invited to Friday's session with Obama plan to raise other issues, such as increasing the federal minimum wage for hourly workers and providing equal pay for women.
"Instead of voting on GOP bills to protect millionaires and big corporations and repeal health coverage and patient protections for millions of Americans, Americans want us to come together and immediately address these priorities," said Drew Hammill, a spokesman for House Democratic leader Nancy Pelosi.
Al Jazeera and wire services
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