UN: Afghan civilian deaths up as fighting worsens

Conflict took an increasing toll on Afghanistan's civilians in 2013 as fighting intensified between the government and insurgents, the United Nations said in a report Saturday, with total casualties rising 14 percent.

Last year was the worst for women and children since 2009, with the number killed or injured by the conflict increasing by more than a third from 2012, the report said.

The gradual withdrawal of foreign troops has left Afghan government forces more vulnerable to attack by insurgents, and the resulting battles contributed to last year's rise in casualties, the U.N. report said.

"The new trend in 2013 of increased civilian casualties from ground engagements, including the alarming increase in women and children casualties, reflected the changing dynamics of the conflict over the year," the U.N. said.

About 27 percent of all 2013 casualties stemmed from fighting between the government and insurgents, and most of these could not be attributed to one side.

"This 'fog of war' dynamic reflects the changed nature of the conflict in Afghanistan in 2013 which was increasingly being waged in civilian communities and populated areas," the U.N. said.

The biggest single killer remained improvised explosive devices (IEDs), or bombs, detonated by insurgents in public areas such as markets, roads and government buildings. Bombs accounted for about one-third of the total civilian toll, which the U.N. put at 2,959 dead and 5,656 injured.

While both sides in the conflict were blamed for the increase in casualties last year, the U.N. attributed about three-quarters of the toll to the Taliban.

"Statements on protecting civilians by the Taliban leadership are not nearly enough to end the killing and injuring of innocent Afghan civilians," read a statement issued by U.N. Special Representative Ján Kubiš. "What is needed is for the Taliban to stop deliberately attacking civilians and using IEDS indiscriminately."

International forces, who have handed over responsibility for security to the Afghans in preparation for their withdrawal by the end of this year and say they participate only in joint operations, caused about 3 percent of casualties, the report said.

While these make up only a fraction of the total casualties, airstrikes causing civilian deaths or injuries are a major source of tension between President Hamid Karzai and the United States.

The U.N. report said that in 2013 there were 54 aerial operations that resulted in civilian casualties. While this was a 10 percent drop from the number of such cases in 2012, women and children accounted for nearly half of the casualties.

Of the 54 cases, 19 involved unmanned aerial vehicles. The number of civilian victims from these drone strikes more than tripled from 2012, the U.N. said.

The report also said there was a sharp increase in incidents carried out by a security force known as the Afghan Local Police (ALP), set up in 2010 to operate in remote, insecure areas.

Throughout 2013, the U.N. mission in Afghanistan "documented incidents where ALP carried out serious human rights violations with impunity which were often enabled by provincial or national level power-brokers," the report said.

ALP-linked casualties tripled, the U.N. said, and included summary executions, punishments and acts of revenge. The U.N. was unable to find any information on prosecutions, suspensions or other action taken despite some 100 cases having been reported to the authorities.

On the positive side, the U.N. said many communities reported that they owed an improvement in security to the police.

Reuters