Government spokesman Yoshihide Suga said Tuesday that Abe would continue to try to revive the economy and "restore Japan's greatness."
The party named Abe president after no other lawmakers filed applications to run against him in an election that had been set for Sept. 20.
Abe, who took office in December 2012 promising to reboot a stale economy and bolster Japan's defenses, won another three-year term as Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) president after his only potential rival, former LDP executive Seiko Noda, failed to obtain the 20 signatures from LDP lawmakers necessary to launch a challenge in the party poll. Abe had put pressure on the party’s leadership not to support her and many feared her nomination would enable competitor parties’ to continue to delay Abe’s controversial security bills, The Japan Times reported.
"While creating a virtuous economic cycle, I will spread the feeling of recovery to every nook and cranny of the regions and throughout the country, completely escape deflation and create growth in a strong, future-oriented economy," Abe told a crowd of supporters before registering for the vote.
Abe said he would also tackle the problems of Japan's low birth rate and aging population.
He said in a statement he would deepen public debate on revising Japan's post-war, pacifist constitution with an aim to changing the charter. Surveys show many Japanese voters are wary of revising the constitution's pacifist Article 9.
Abe's policy team has pledged to refocus on the faltering economy after spending political capital in the past year pushing unpopular legislation that could let Japanese troops fight overseas for the first time since World War II.
Japan has had a series of revolving-door leaders, beginning with Abe's own troubled first term in 2006-2007, after maverick Junichiro Koizumi's five-year stint as premier from 2001-2006.
The next general election is not scheduled until 2018.
The yen has eased more than 30 percent against the dollar and Tokyo share prices and corporate profits have more than doubled since Abe took over as head of the then-opposition LDP in September 2012 and led the party to victory, buoyed by hopes for his "Abenomics" recipe for economic revival.
However, corporate investment is sluggish and wage increases have failed to keep pace with higher prices, dampening consumption. GDP shrank an annualized 1.2 percent in the April-June quarter due to an export slump and weak consumer spending.
Economists say Abe should tackle tough structural reforms, such as freeing up the rigid labor market to boost productivity. They expect he is likely to rely on more politically palatable measures, such as an extra budget for the current fiscal year and easy monetary policy.
Al Jazeera and wire services
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